Most ultramarathon injuries aren't injuries at all—they're overuse problems caused by poor training structure. The good news is that they're almost entirely preventable with smart programming.
## The most common ultra injuries
### Iliotibial Band Syndrome (IT Band Pain)
This is the most common issue in ultramarathons. It's typically caused by:
- Too much running on cambered terrain (trails slope sideways)
- Rapid increases in mileage
- Weak hip muscles
Prevention: Gradual progression, terrain variety, and consistent glute strengthening.
### Plantar Fasciitis
Ultra athletes spend hours on their feet. Plantar fascia issues arise from:
- Inadequate arch support
- Rapid volume increases
- Weak foot muscles
Prevention: Proper shoes, strength work for feet and calves, and gradual progression.
### Stress Fractures
These occur when training stress exceeds your body's ability to adapt. They happen because of:
- Too much too soon
- Inadequate recovery
- Nutritional deficiencies
Prevention: Intelligent progression, sufficient recovery, and proper nutrition.
### Tendinitis
Overuse of tendons causes inflammation. This typically happens due to:
- Poor progression structure
- Inadequate rest days
- Poor movement quality
Prevention: Smart programming, rest days, and movement quality work.
## Prevention principles
1. **Gradual progression** — Don't increase mileage by more than 10% per week.
2. **Adequate recovery** — Your body adapts during rest, not during training. Build in easy days and recovery weeks.
3. **Strength work** — 2-3 sessions per week of targeted strength prevent most injuries.
4. **Terrain variety** — Training on varied terrain builds resilience.
5. **Proper nutrition** — You can't recover from what you don't fuel.
6. **Listen to your body** — Early warning signs should prompt adjustments, not pushing through.
## If you get injured
The worst thing you can do is train through a serious injury. Instead:
- Get assessed by a sports medicine professional
- Rest the affected area
- Continue alternative training where possible
- Adjust your plan, not abandon it
A good coaching plan includes protocols for adjusting training around injuries. You should never be in a position where an injury means abandoning your race entirely.
The key to avoiding injury is smart training structure: gradual progression, adequate recovery, strength work, and listening to your body. That's what good coaching provides.